时间:2022-05-10 09:06:21
引言:寻求写作上的突破?我们特意为您精选了12篇八八下英语知识点范文,希望这些范文能够成为您写作时的参考,帮助您的文章更加丰富和深入。
话题Make requests
功能项目Apologize
词汇mind 介意 not at all一点也不 turn down调低 yard院子 dish盘堞 brought bring 的过去式 line排;队 polite有理貌的 perhaps或许;大概 door门 voice声音 return归还;返回 term 术语Asian亚洲的;亚洲人的 Europe欧洲 impolite无礼的;粗鲁的 allow允许;承认 public公众 cough 咳嗽smoke抽烟,吸烟drop扔;丢 litter垃圾 pick…up 捡起 behavior 行为;举止 solution解答;解决办法 annoyed恼怒的;生气的 clothing衣服 normal正常的;正规的 etiquette礼节 sneeze打喷嚏;表现 politely客气的;斯文的 cigarette香烟;卷烟;纸烟 criticize
批判 careful 小心;当心
短语right away立刻;马上 at a meeting在开会 cut in line插队 the way to place 去…的路 spend sth. Onin doing sth.花费9时间(金钱)去做某事 not at all 根本不,一点也不 in a minute立刻;马上 no problem 没问题 get annoyed变得气恼 be good for 对…有益
句型--Would you mind moving your bike ?
---Not at all .I’ll do it right away.
---Could you please take out the trash ?
---Sorry ,I’ll do it right away.
语法要点 学会提出请求
would you mind + 动名词结构
would you mind cleaningyour room ?
would you mind not playing basketball here?
Would you mind moving your car?
学习表示歉意
I’m sorry ,I’ll do it right away
Sorry, we’ll go and play in the park .
No,not at all .
基本用法:1)Would you mind doing?=Do you mind doing..?“你介意…?” “请你…好不好?”是一种比较客气的表达方式。
2)如果要表示“请你不要做…好吗?”只需在doing 前面加not.应答用语:
1)如果同意表示不介意时,可用如下用语来表达:Certainly not.; Of course not.;No,not at all.;Not at all.“好,可以”
2)如果不同意表示介意时,常用“Sorry.”“I’m sorry, but…”及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。;这一句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you,如果想要对方允许自己做某事,可以用 “Would you mind my doing..?句型。
形容词与副词之间的转化:1)以le结尾去e变y,possiblepossibly;2)在形容词后直接加ly,usualusually;3)在以辅音字母+e结尾直接加ly,widewidely;4)以元音字母+e结尾,去e加ly,truetruly;5)以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+ly,happyhappily
put on, wear, dress,have on, in: put on强调动作过程“穿上”为瞬间动词;wear表示结果或状态“穿着”,持续动词;dress强调穿的动作,后面不能跟宾语(衣服)等,还可以作名词,意思是“服装”,dress up化装,dress oneself 给某人穿衣服,dress in穿衣服,have on表示“穿…”,相当于wear,但没有进行时态;in介词,后跟表示颜色的名词,表示穿着某种颜色的衣服。
in a minute, soon等多用于将来时,表示即将去做某事
in+时间段,after+时间段:1)“in+时间段”只能用于一般将来时,“after+时间段”可以用于过去时和将来时2)当二者都用于将来时的时候“in+时间段”表示从现在算起在一定时间内,动作将在未来一周之内的某一个具体时间内发生。“after+时间段”是从这段时间之后算起,动作将在这段时间之后发生。
very, too, so, quite以上几个副词均修饰形容词,副词表示程度,“很,太,非常”;very应用最普遍“很”,只是一个表示程度的副词,它表示的程度比quite要强得多,very只用来修饰形容词和副词的原级;too“太”,一般表示“相对某人而言”;so“如此…,那么…”,往往表明某一事物的程度时,会引起另一种后果。换言之,so所修饰的人或物表示原因后面会有表示结果的句子。So…that…如此…以致于;quite既可以表示充分肯定,意思是 “完全;十分”,也可以表示程度,意思是“完全,十分”,也可以表示程度,意思是“相当”,quite可修饰动词,v.ing,形容词,副词,分词等。quite a +adj+n. a very+adj.+n
move from…to …从…搬到…,迁移;move on继续向前走
yet, already,still:yet用于疑问句中,意为“现在,已经”;用于否定句中,意为“还没”;already与still用于肯定句中,already意为“已经”,still意为“还,仍然”,already若用于疑问句中,表示惊讶或意外;yet与still都可以修饰比较级,意为“更加,益发”。
put away收好,储蓄,放弃;put down放下,扑灭,写下;put…into…把…翻译成…;put off延期;put up举起,张贴,修建;put on穿上,上演
3. an old people’s home 养老院
5. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
7. used to 曾经,过去
9. care for 关心;照顾
11. the look of joy 快乐的表情
13. at the age of 在……岁时
15. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
17. cheer up (使)变得高兴起来;振奋
19. give out 分发;散发
21. come up with 想出;提出
23. make a plan 制定计划
25. make some notices 做些公告牌
27. try out 试用;试行
29. work for 为……工作;为……效力
30. put up 建造;举起;张贴
2. hand out 分发;散发;发给
4. call up 打电话;召集
6. put off 推迟;延迟
8. for example 比如;例如
10. raise money 筹钱;募捐
12. take after 与……相像;像
14. give away 赠送;捐赠
16. fix up 修理;修补;解决
18. be similar to 与……相似
20. set up 建立;设立
22. disabled people 残疾人
24. make a difference 影响;有作用
26. be able to 能够
28. after-school reading program课外阅读 项目
【重难点句子】
1. The boy could give out food at the food
bank.
这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean Up Day is only two weeks from now.
清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午,他都在一家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after school reading program.
去年,她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5. ...you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.
……乃们的眼睛里你可以看到他们在每本新书中都能获得不一样的旅行。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
【要点分析】 “Why don’t you + v.?”意思是“你为什么不……?”,是用来给对方提建议的常用句型,也可转换为“Why not+v.?”(为什么不……?)。
【中考链接】 ―I don’t have a partner to play table tennis with.
―Why ________ a sports club to practice a lot? (2008湖北宜昌)
A. don’t join B. not joining
C. not to joinD. don’t you join
【知识要点2】 How about a scarf?
What about watching English movies, or reading English books?
【要点分析】 How about ...? = What about...? 意思是“……怎么样?”,是一个常用征求对方意见的句型,后面可跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式。
【中考链接】 ―Tomorrow is our holiday. What ______ going hiking?
―That sounds great. (2008广东湛江)
A. of B. for C. on D. about
【知识要点3】 What a lucky guy!
【要点分析】 由what引导的感叹句用来修饰名词,句型结构为:(1)What + a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 +谓语!(2)What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!由how引导的 感叹句,句型结构为:How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!在how与 what引导的感叹句中,有时候其主、谓语部分均可省略。
【中考链接】 ―What does your uncle do?
―He is a policeman.
―________ dangerous job it is! (2008新疆)
A. What a B. What an
C. HowD. How a
【知识要点4】 Dogs are too difficult to take care of.
【要点分析】 too ... to ... 的意思是“太……而不能……”,结构为“too + 形容词或副词 + to + 动词原形”。
【中考链接】 The girl is ________ young ________ dress herself. (2008广西北海)
A. as; as B. more; than
C. too; toD. not so; as
【知识要点5】 They only cost five dollars.
【要点分析】 cost的意思是“价值(若干)、花费(多少钱)”,一般要用物来作主语。
【中考链接】 The funny toy monkey _______ Sandy five dollars. (2008四川成都)
A. cost B. spentC. used
【知识要点6】 Later, the same gift may be given away to someone else.
【要点分析】 give away的意思是“赠送”,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,当宾语是代词时,要放在副词的前面。当宾语是名词时,可以放在副词前面,也可放在副词后面。
【中考链接】 The rich man has decided to ______ everything he has to charity. (2008湖北襄樊)
A. set up B. turn on
C. put off D. give away
【知识要点7】 In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.
【要点分析】 rather than 的意思是“而不是……”,“与其……倒不如”,“宁可,宁愿”可以连接词类相同的词或短语。
【中考链接】 从ABCD四个选项中,选出与所给句子划线部分意义相同或相近并能替代的那一项。
―Would you like a cup of coffee?
―Sorry. I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. (2008湖北黄冈)
A. would than B. would rather
C. instead D. instead of
【知识要点8】 This kind of contest encourages people in China to speak English.
【要点分析】 encourage的意思是“鼓励;激励”,后面可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
【中考链接】 His parents often encourage him ______ hard. (2008陕西省)
A. workB. workingC. to workD. works
【知识要点9】 She also said that singing English songs made her more interested in learning English.
【要点分析】形容词interested意思是“感兴趣的”,一般用于be interested in结构中,主语一般为某人,意思是“(某人)对……感兴趣”。
【中考链接】 用所给词的适当形式填空,使句子意思完整正确。
Most of the students aren’t _______(interesting) in the article. (2008内蒙古乌兰察布市)
【知识要点10】 Maybe you could even make friends with a native speaker of English.
【要点分析】 make friends with 是一个固定短语,意思是“与……交朋友”。
【中考链接】根据句子意思及汉语提示,写出空缺处的短语。
Alice is so nice that everyone likes to ________(交朋友) her. (2007河北省)
Keys: 1. D2. D3. A4. C5. A6. D7. D8. C9. interested10. make friends with
Unit 9
【知识要点1】 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
【要点分析】 have / has been to... 的意思是“曾经去过某地”,所指的是曾经去过,现在已经回来了。have / has gone to... 的意思是“去了某地”,表示人已离开尚未回来,可能已经到达了目的地,也可能在途中。
【中考链接】 ―May I speak to Tom?
―Sorry, he is not at home. He _______ to Shanghai. (2008湖南长沙)
A. has beenB. has gone
C. goesD. is
【知识要点2】―I have never been to a water park.
―Me neither.
【要点分析】 “Me neither.”意思是“我也不”,相当于“Neither have I.”。
【中考链接】 ―Have you ever been to Hangzhou, Lucy ?
―No, I haven’t. What about you?
―________. (2008四川达州)
A. So do IB. Me neither.
C. Me tooD. So have I
【知识要点3】 On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
【要点分析】 quarter的意思是“四分之一”,也可说成one fourth;“四分之三”可说成three quarters,也可说成three fourths。英语中分数的表达方法是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子是大于1的整数时,分母要用复数形式。分数修饰名词作主语的时候,谓语动词的单、复数要由所修饰的名词来确定:如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数;如果是复数名词,则用复数。
【中考链接】 ________ of the money ________ been spent recycling the rubbish. (2008内蒙古包头)
A. Three fourths; has B. Three fourths; have
C. Three fourth; hasD. Three fourth; have
【知识要点4】 This is because the island is so close to the equator.
【要点分析】 close to意思是“很近;在附近”,与near意思相同。
【中考链接】 ―Where do you often exercise?
―I often exercise in a park. It’s close to my house. (2007湖北黄冈)
【要点分析】 在There be句型中,表示一般将来时态时,要用There will be ... 或There is going to be ...。
【中考链接】 There _______ thousands of volunteers serving in Beijing in August, 2008. (2008云南昆明)
A. will have B. are going to have
C. are D. will be
【知识要点2】 Will people use money in 100 years?
【要点分析】 介词in后面接表示一段时间的词语时,一般要与将来时连用。
【中考链接】 I hear that he will be back _____ two weeks’ time. (2008广东省)
A. at B. in C. after D. for
【知识要点3】 There will be fewer people.
There will be less free time.
【要点分析】 less是little的比较级,修饰不可数名词;fewer是few的比较级,修饰可数名词的复数形式。
【中考链接】 ―If there are ______ people driving, there will be ______ air pollution.
―Yes, the air will be fresher. (2008湖北咸宁) A. less; less B. less; fewer
C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less
【知识要点4】 At the weekends, I’ll be able to dress more casually.
【要点分析】 dress作“穿”讲,意思是“穿衣”,后面不能接表示衣服的词,但后面可接人作宾语。而wear与put on作“穿、戴”讲时,后面要接表示衣服的词,不可接人。
【中考链接】 ―Can you _______ your little brother? I’m busy now.
―OK. I’ll do it right now. (2008湖北咸宁)
A. wear B. put on C. dress D. in
【知识要点5】 There are many famous predictions that never came true.
【要点分析】 come true是一个固定短语,意思是“实现;达到”。
【中考链接】 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。每空限填一词。(2008甘肃兰州)
我希望去观看2008年北京奥运会,现在我的梦想实现了。
I wish to watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics. My dream has __________ _________ now.
【知识要点6】 However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.
【要点分析】 hundred与基数词连用时,要用单数形式;用复数形式时,后面要加of,前面不用数词。
【中考链接】 The man also wrote __________ of beautiful pieces of music for the orchestra. (2008天津市)
A. hundred B. six hundred
C. a hundred D. hundreds
【知识要点7】 After an earthquake, a snake robot could help look for people under buildings.
【要点分析】 look for的意思是“寻找”,强调“找”的过程。
【中考链接】 My little dog is lost. All of my friends are helping me _______ it. (2008吉林省)
A. look at B. look for
C. look after D. look like
【知识要点8】 That may not seem possible now, ...
【要点分析】 seem是一个不及物动词,意思是“好像、似乎”,后面可接形容词、名词、不定式等;也可用于It seems that +从句。
【中考链接】 She seems to be worried now.( 同义句转换 )
_________ seems that she _________ worried now.省略e true 6.D 7.B 8.It;is
Unit2
【知识要点1】 What’s wrong? / What’s the matter, Peter?
【要点分析】 当询问某人发生了什么事时, 常用What’s wrong? 或 What’s the matter?,后面都可接with sb.。
【中考链接】 根据中文意思完成句子。
王芳还没来,她怎么了?(2008北京市)
Wang Fang hasn’t come yet. __________________________________ her?
【知识要点2】 I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.
【要点分析】 pay作“付款”讲时,常与for连用,一般用“人”来作主语。
【中考链接】 根据汉语提示,结合句子意思,在横线上写出恰当的单词或词组。
From now on, you have to ____________ (付钱) plastic bags when you are shopping. (2008湖北省十堰市)
【知识要点3】 No, he doesn’t have any money, either.
【要点分析】 either作“也”讲时,一般用于否定句中;too, also作“也”讲时,用在肯定句或疑问句中。
【中考链接】 ―I haven’t seen Bob for a long time.
―I haven’t seen him, _______. (2008四川成都)
A. too B. either C. instead
【知识要点4】 She’s really nice, and we get on well, ...
【要点分析】 短语get on的意思是“相处”,表示“与某人相处”时,后面与介词with连用。get on with 与get along with所表示的意思相同。
【中考链接】 根据括号内的汉语和句末括号内的英语单词提示完成句子。(2008湖北荆州)
I don’t know __________(他与……相处得怎样) with the others now. (get)
【知识要点5】 The tired children don’t get home until 7 pm.
【要点分析】 until的意思是“直到……为止”,可用作介词或连词;还可与not构成not ... until ...,意思是“直到……才……”。
【中考链接】 ―Hurry up. The bus is coming.
―Wait a minute. Don’t cross the street __________ the traffic lights are green. (2008安徽省)
A. after B. until C. while D. since
【知识要点6】 ... they might find it difficult to plan things for themselves.
【要点分析】 代词it可代替动词不定式作形式宾语。
【中考链接】 I find _________ very important to learn English well because it is an international language now. (2008甘肃嘉峪关)
A. it B. its C. that D. this
Keys:1.What's wrong/the mater with 2.pay for 3.B 4.how he is getting on/along 5.B 6.A
Unit3
【知识要点1】 I was in front of the library.
【要点分析】 in front of的意思是“在……前面”,与before意思相同。
【中考链接】 词语释义:
There is a tall tree in front of the house. (2007海南省)
A. behind B. before C. beside
【知识要点2】 What was the girl doing when the UFO took off?
【要点分析】 短语动词take off有“起飞”的意思。
【中考链接】 The plane from Shanghai to Paris will _________ in an hour. (2008上海市)
A. take up B. take away
C. take out D. take off
【知识要点3】 While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.
【要点分析】 while是一个连词,意思是“当……时候;在……之时”,用来引导时间状语从句,一般表示一段较长的时间或过程,强调主句和从句的动词同时发生。
【中考链接】 ―Mary, turn off the water ________ you are brushing your teeth.
―Sorry, I’ll do it at once. (2008贵州贵阳)
A. until B. while C. during
【知识要点4】 What were you doing at nine
o’clock last Sunday morning?
【要点分析】 过去进行时由“was/were + v-ing”构成,表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,要与表示过去的时间状语连用。
【中考链接】 ―Were you at home at 9 o’clock last night?
―Yes, I _________ a shower at that time. (2008吉林省)
A. took B. was taking
C. was taken D. am taking
【知识要点5】 Dr Martin Luther King’s murder took place about thirty years ago, ...
【要点分析】 take place的意思是“发生”,指“发生事先计划或预想到的事情”。
【中考链接】 根据括号内的汉语和句末括号内的英语单词提示完成句子。(2008湖北荆州)
Great changes __________(发生了) in my hometown these years.(take)
【知识要点6】 Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.
【要点分析】 as ... as的意思是“……与……一样”,as ... as中间要用形容词或副词的原级。
【中考链接】 Jack is a careless boy. He doesn’t write as _________ as Mary. ( 2008广东清远)
2. task n.任务;工作
3. waitress n.女服务生 【对应词】waiter n.男服务生
4. line n.排;队;列
5. annoy v. 使恼怒;使生气
6. annoyed adj. 恼怒的;生气的
7. polite adj.有礼貌的;客气的politely adv. 有礼貌地【反义词】impolite / rude adj. 无礼的
8. perhaps adv. 或许;大概
9. door n. 门at the door 在门口
10. behavior n.行为;举止;表现
11. Asian adj. 亚洲的;亚洲人的
Asia n. 亚洲
12. uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的【反义词】comfortable adj. 舒服的
13. allow v. 允许;承认
14. voice n.声音 in a low voice 低声地
15. public n.公众 in public 公开地
16. cough v. 咳嗽
17. smoke v. 抽烟 No Smoking! 禁止吸烟!
18. careful adj. 小心的;谨慎的carefully adv. 小心地
19. drop v. 扔
20. litter n. 垃圾
【短语小结】
1. wait in line 排队等候
2. cut in line 插队
3. keep one’s voice down 压低声音
4. at first 首先
5. take care 当心;小心
6. break the rule 违反规则
7. put out 熄灭
8. pick ... up 捡起
9. clean the yard 打扫院子
10. do the dishes 洗餐具
11. get out of 从……出来
12. be at a meeting 在开会
13. follow sb. around 处处跟着某人
14. the way to 去……的路
15. welcome to 欢迎来到……
16. seem like 似乎像
17. social behavior 社会行为
18. for example 例如
19. close to 离……近
20. even if 即使
21. be with sb. 和某人在一起
22. in public 当众地;公开地
【句子运用】
1. ―Would you mind turning down the music?
―No, not at all.
Would you mind...? 表示说话人请求对方做某事,意为“(你)可否……;劳驾……”。回答时,如果表示愿意(也就是说不反对),不用Yes,而用Of course not. / Certainly not. / Not at all.等。例如:
―Would you mind closing the window? 把窗户关上,行吗?
―Not at all. 行(即一点儿也不介意)。
如果表示不愿意(也就是说反对),则用I’m sorry, but ...。例如:
―Would you mind turning on the radio? 打开收音机好吗?
―I’m sorry, but I do. 对不起,别开吧。
2. I’ll put on another pair.
put on 与wear 的用法区别:wear意为“穿着;戴着”,强调状态。例如:
We wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们常在下雨天穿雨鞋。
Are they wearing the same clothes? 他们穿着同样的衣服吗?
put on 意为“穿上;戴上”,强调动作。例如:
She put on a red coat and went out.她穿上一件红色外套就出去了。
It’s raining outside. Please put on your raincoat. 外面在下雨,请穿上你的雨衣。
注意:put on 为短暂性短语动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
3. If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight.
task 意为“工作;任务”,是可数名词,多指他人分派的任务。例如:
Her task was to wash and cook. 分派给她的任务是洗衣、做饭。
This is a difficult task. 这项任务有难度。
job 意为“工作;职业”,既可指固定的工作,也可指临时的或某项具体的工作,是可数名词。例如:
Tom’s father is looking for a job. 汤姆的父亲正在找工作。
There were just not enough jobs here. 那时这儿恰巧没有那么多的工作。
A teacher’s job is teaching. 教师的工作就是教学。
work 意为“工作;差事;业务;职业”,是不可数名词,表示比较抽象的工作。例如:
I have a lot of work to do this afternoon. 我今天下午有许多工作要做。
She put a lot of hard work into writing that report. 她下了很大的功夫来写那篇报告。
He was out of work then. 那时他失业了。
4. The pen you bought didn’t work.
句中you bought 是一个定语从句,修饰名词the pen。you bought 前面省略了引导定语从句的关系代词that。例如:
This is the house (that) we built last year. 这是我们去年建成的房子。
The watch (that) I found in the library is his. 我在图书馆里找到的那块手表是他的。
此句中的work 是不及物动词,意为“(机器等)运转;(药物)有效;(办法、计划、方法等)行得通”。 例如:
We can’t watch television because the TV set is not working. 我们看不成电视了,因为电视机坏了。
I think your suggestion will work. 我认为你的建议能行得通。
The medicine will not work. 这药不灵。
5. In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public.
take care 与take care of用法区别:
take care 意为“注意;当心;留心”,可以单独出现,后面也可跟动词不定式。例如:
Take care! A bus is coming. 当心!公共汽车来了。
Take care not to wake the baby up. 当心不要把孩子吵醒。
take care of 意为“照顾;照料”,相当于look after, 后跟表示人或事物的名词或代词作宾语。例如:
Please take care of my house when I am away. 我外出时,请照看一下我的家。
You must take good care of your health. 你必须好好照顾自己的身体。