英语论文开题报告范文

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篇1

二、研究现状：

对于课堂互动与英语口语教学之间的关系，国内的研究主要集中在：

(1)构建主义模式 它是以构建主义理论为基础的互动模式，司洪海在《构建主义理论与英语口语教学》中从对现有教学模式的反思入手，探讨将构建主义引入英语课堂教学的必要性、可行性及其意义和作用。卢艳春和路雅琴在《构建主义与大学英语口语课堂教学》中则分别从构建知识观构建学习观构建教学观入手，强调以学生为中心的主动性、构建性。

(2)角色扮演模式 徐志敏、王瑛在《大学英语课堂互动教学中角色扮演探究》中着重探讨了在角色扮演的互动教学中教师的作用，对指导教学实践具有重要的意义。而黄玉兰在《角色扮演引入英语专业口语教学中》从角色扮演是多为互动英语口语教学模式的应用探讨了角色扮演这一教学方法的目的、步骤和利弊等方面。

(3)以学生为中心模式 这一模式被单独研究的较少，黄影秋在《以学生为中心提高英语口语课堂教学效果的探索中》通过对学生口语课堂学习存在的问题的分析，提倡以学生为中心，实现教与学的双边互动。并提出阐述如何运用其他教学策略提高口语的教学效果，促进学生交际能力的提高。而刘蓉在《谈英语口语课堂互动》中则提出了互动可以创造以学生为中心的口语课堂和整体小组作业模式，提高口语交际能力。

(4)合作性学习模式 这种模式的研究较为普遍和盛行，它兴起于美国，在后来取得实质性的进展的一种教学理论与策略。黄艳在《合作性学习在大学英语课堂的应用》中提出了以下几种合作模式，从而的出该模式的优势所在。顾晓乐在《合作性学习与情景剧表演》中从情剧表演的角度来证明合作性学习的有效性。肖巧玲在《大学英语口语教学中的合作学习》中则通过合作学习在口语教学中的实践探究合作学习应注意的原则。而慕东文在《合作性学习的特点、目标、内容和实践策略》一文中，他用人文精神和平等民主合作原则，对待新的理念，指导英语口语教学。

(5)情景设置模式 它主要是根据Gillian Brown George Yuled的语言情景对第二语言习得者的交际紧张、焦虑的研究表明口语情景设置不适当，会影响学生用目标语进行交流，进而强调进行口语教学情景设置的重要性。张舍茹、孙边旗在《英语口语教学的情景设置》中就论述我们应注意情景互动教学中应遵循的原则，及如何设置英语口语教学中情景设置的形式两个小方面局部性的探讨了情景设置这种互动模式。孙久荣在《论英语口语课的情景教学》中对情景设置这个模式从宏观上进行了分类，进而得出开放式情景和封闭式情景，为情景设置互动模式研究开辟了一个小领域。

三、研究的目的及意义：

通过对目前已经发展起来并比较成熟的几种互动模式的归纳来看：关于人际互动这种互动模式在目前的互动性研究中被单独研究还比较少，没有被当作一种独立的模式应用到英语口语课堂教学中，它更多的是被贯穿到其他几种互动模式当中。因此，本论题认为它还有进一步研究的空间。

四、研究的理论依据和研究方法：

本论题将以教育心理学的理论为基础，以互动理论和构建主义理论为依据，运用归纳总结的方法对已有的研究进行宏观上的概述，从而引出本文论题，通过例证分析、验证人际互动模式对课堂英语口语教学效果的提高所具有的重要意义。

五、提纲：

Introduction

Chapter One Definition and Theoretical Basis of Interaction

1.1 Definition of Interaction

1.2 Theoretical Basis of Interaction

1.3 Some Main Interactive Modes in the Present Classroom

Chapter Two The Necessity And The Principles of Following InteractionTeaching Mode

2.1 The Disadvantage of Traditional Oral English Teaching Mode

2.2 The Necessity and Merit of Taking InteractionTeaching Mode

2.3 Oral English InteractionTeaching Mode Should Follow the Principles

Chapter Three Personal Interaction in the Oral English Teaching

3.1 The Relationship Between the Teacher and Students

3.2 Two Types of Personal Interaction

3.3 Classroom Climate

3.4 Classroom Size

Chapter Four The Evaluation of the Interactive Oral English Teaching Mode

4.1 Some Principles Should Follow When Evaluating

4.2 The Concept of Evaluating

4.3 The Technology of Evaluating

Conclusion

六、参考文献

Jonssen, DHThinking Technology: Toward a Constructivist Design Model .Educational Technolgy. 3 (1994)： 3435.

Littlewood, William. Communicative Language Teaching .Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .1981.

卢艳春， 路雅琴。构建主义与大学英语口语教学。 前沿杂志。 11 (2006)：98100.

司洪海。构建主义理论与英语口语教学。 基础英语教育。 4 (2005)：89.

吴蕾。构建主义在英语口语教学中的应用。() 东华大学学报(社科版)。7 (2007)：2324.

范雄飞， 黄玉兰。把角色扮演引入英语专业口语教学之中。读与写杂志。 9 (2006)：3537.

徐志敏， 王瑛。大学英语课堂互动教学中角色扮演探究。 外语研究。 8 (2006)：5657.

黄影秋。以学生为中心提高英语口语课堂效果。 济南职业学院学报。 3 (2007)： 8188.

何亚娟。中学英语课堂互动教学的探索与实践。 渭南师院学报。 12 (2004)： 7273.

顾晓乐， 黄芙蓉。合作学习与情景剧表演。 国外外语教学。 2 (2004)：5556.

黄艳。合作性学习在大学英语课堂的应用。 长沙大学学报。 10 (2007)：145146.

篇2

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

篇3

(一)课题名称

课题名称就是课题的名字。这看起来是个小问题，但实际上很多人写课题名称时，往往写的不准确、不恰当，从而影响整个课题的形象与质量。这就是平常人们所说的“只会生孩子，不会起名字”。那么，如何给课题起名称呢?

第一，名称要准确、规范。

准确就是课题的名称要把课题研究的问题是什么，研究的对象是什么交待清楚，课题的名称一定要和研究的内容相一致，不能太大，也不能太小，要准确地把你研究的对象、问题概括出来。

规范就是所用的词语、句型要规范、科学，似是而非的词不能用，口号式、结论式的句型不要用。因为我们是在进行科学研究，要用科学的、规范的语言去表述我们的思想和观点。课题就是我们要解决的问题，这个问题正在探讨，正开始研究，不能有结论性的口气。

篇4

II. Introduction

Chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. But when we put into pratice , many Chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. Therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese . It is necessary to combine the traditional research on Chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our Chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of Linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. We believe that, the process in conformity is not always Smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit China and the world finally .

III. Literature Review

Subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern Linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in Linguistics.

1, Subject is originated form the western grammar systems . In general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . According to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , Keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . The following are conclusion Trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including Keenan(1976) (参见石毓智，2019):

Subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. Subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:

1 Subject represents independent substance;

2 Subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;

3 Subject restricts the agreement in verbs;

4 Subject is the topic with no mark;

5 Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.

6 Subject is usually lack of morphological markers.

7 Subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.

His conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . Concerning Chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in Chinese. For example, Trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . He neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . Because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. And he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our Chinese .As in Chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.

2 , In 2019, Shi Yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in Chinese. His conclusion is as followed :

The form of the subject can be placed both in subordinate clause and sentence.

Subject can be focused.

Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun.

And its semantic characters are :

Subject is the actor of behavior act.

Subject is the main body of nature and state.

Shi thought that the main difference butween subject and topic is that subject is the ingredient of grammatical structure while topic belongs to the discourse concept. The former one can be put into sentence and subordinate clause; the latter only can stay in sentence aspect. But his method to distinguish subject to topic seems to be a bit vague.As in Chinese, there is a kind of sentence in unusual order, for example: “书小王看完了”. In Shi’s opinion, that is a topic structure for it can not be placed in a clause. But in fact, it belongs to a classical subject-predicate sentence. “书” is either the subject, or the topic.

3 , Since Zhao Yuanren introduced ‘topoc’ into our grammar study in Chinese , the scholars in Chinese home and abroad keep going with research on topic . Li Na & Thompson are the representatives on this issue. They’ve done a systematic contract to subject and topic. They said that topic means what is about in the sentence while subject is what the verb predicates; topic can not be indefinite and generic but subject can ; topic have to appear at the front of a sentence while subject is allowed to appear in the sentence; there always be a pause between topic with other parts of a sentence.But in Chinese , it is not necessary that the topic appear at the front of a sentence. For example: “老师，这件事让我来处理吧。” In this sentence, “这件事” is the topic ,but it doesn’t appear at the front of a sentence.

4 , It is generally accepted that subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics . But Xu Liejiong & Liu Danqing(1998) didn’t . In their thesis, they consider topic as a ingredient of syntactic structures. Just like suject and object , the topic also share a position in a sentence. As an independent ingredient , each of them should has its own position and can not be overlapped. Then, let’s analyze this following sentence “小张不来了。”. “小张” is the subject and topic at the same time. subject and topic have been overlapped, so it doesn’t work to consider topic as an ingredient of syntactic structures.

5 Qu Chengxi(1996), as a specialist of functional grammar, thought that if one only adopt his own theory when he is doing research on Chinese grammal , he will always feel impractical. We should try to appreciate other’s thinkings or even accept them if available and no conflict arisen. And I think his opinion is quite fit to grammar study on Chinese.

IV. Methods and Materials

Through reading materials from library and the Internet, I’ve acknowledged much about subject and topic in Chinese and English and their differences . Many scholars have defined the subject and topic in many different angles, such as the form, cognition,function and so on. I prefer to study subject and topic from functional grammar than from the others. At the same time , it will be basic on cognition and communication.

V. Discussion

Guided by the literature review, there is a point we should make sure, subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics whatever our research goals are and from different angles. At the same time , we have to accept that Chinese is a language that is lack of morphological change and is very difficult to distinguish subject from topic. So when we are doing this kind of research , we should try our best to define it clearly ,especially formally.

VI. Outline of the Paper

1. Introduction

2.Subject and topic in English

2.1Subject in English

2.1.1 Dispute over subject in English

2.1.2 Definition of subject in English

2.1.3 Choice of subject and its semantic role

2.2Topic in English

3. Subject and topic in Chinese

3.1Subject in Chinese

3.1.1Importance of subject to Chinese

3.1.2 Choice of subject and its semantic roles

3.2Topic in Chinese

4. A Comparison between Chinese and English

4.1 Subject in Chinese and English

4.2 Topic in Chinese and English

5. Conclusion

VII. References

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